One of the well -known quotes: "In reality, parasites have killed many more people than all the wars of history."Surprise as a simple creature, sometimes unicellular, it is possible to disrupt the work of a large organism.People did not remain in debt.Methods have been developed that allow you to identify a parasitic invasion in the early stages and start treatment in a timely time.Analyzes of parasites in adults can be passed both in an ordinary state hospital and in the laboratory of private clinics.
Who are parasites and how to identify them
Parasites are a many groups of organizations capable of existence only because of the owner's resources.They cannot live alone.The parasites of the human body are fixed on the skin (insects, ticks), in the gastrointestinal tract (ascarids, no pine).In the intestine, the most favorable environment for the vital activity of the parasite.There are also creatures that live in the lymphatic vessels (Filiria), on the mucous membranes of the internal organs (Trematoda).To gain a foothold in the host's body, worms and protozoa use suction cups, hooks, clothespins, chitine plates or hard hair.
It is possible to determine the presence of parasites in the human body and their colony, using the methods of modern laboratory diagnosis.What tests should be carried out for adult parasites:
- Histological study of excrement.
- Serological studies (blood tests): immunosorbent analysis (Elisu), indirect hemagglutination reaction (RNG), immunofluorescence reaction (reef or kuns method), liaison reaction to content.
- PCR analysis.
Often the diagnosis is difficult, because all parasitoses have no characteristic clinical manifestations, and not all methods are just as sensitive.What is the name of the analysis that must be taken, say the attending physician.It is often recommended to take a complete analysis of the parasites.
What is the danger of parasites
Parasitic invasions greatly exhaust human immunity.Immunity is one of the components of the body regulation system.With immunodeficiency:
Be careful
According to statistics, more than a billion people are infected with parasites.You may not even suspect that you have become a victim of parasites.
It is easy to determine the presence of parasites in the body by a symptom - an unpleasant odor of the mouth.Ask your loved ones if you have a mouth smell in the morning (before you brush your teeth).If this is the case, with a probability of 99%, you are infected with parasites.
Infection by parasites leads to neurosis, to rapid fatigue, to tips in moods, more serious illnesses begin more.
In menParasites cause: prostatitis, helplessness, adenoma, cystitis, sand, kidney stones and bladder.
In women: Pain and inflammation of the ovary.Fibrome, myoma, mastopathy with fibrous acid, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys develop.As well as heart and cancer.
We immediately want to warn that you do not need to run to the pharmacy and buy expensive drugs, which, according to pharmacists, will engrave all parasites.Most drugs are extremely ineffective, in addition, they cause a lot of trouble to the body:
- The risk of viral infection increases;
- The level of antioxidant and anti-global protection is reduced;
- There is a violation of vascular permeability and dysfunctions in hematopoiesis.
Parasites can cause serious allergic reactions.
Helminants also have a direct prejudicial effect.They are attached to the internal organs with hooks or sharp plates, mechanically damaging the mucous membranes.The normal work of the affected body is violated.
Helminthes activities harm the body at the molecular level.The rate of insulin, growth factor and collagen is reduced.This leads to a slowdown in growth and physical development processes.Absorption in the small intestine also decreases.Parasitic infections are characterized by a small chronic blood loss of the affected organs.
Recent scientific studies have shown that intestines are distinguishing specific toxins that abolish cytokine activities.These are information molecules that regulate intercellular contacts.They give cellular information on the external environment.If there is a free space, the cell can start division.The blocking of cytokines work can lead to the formation of a tumor.Cytokines also offer a agreed reaction from immune, nervous and hormonal systems to the action of foreign agents.
Reasons for the delivery of parasites analysis
When it is infected with individual parasites, a person may feel no symptoms.But over time, the number of helminths increases and the infection begins to manifest itself.It is necessary to pass tests for parasites if there are symptoms such as abdominal pain of different location which can occur spontaneously or on palpation.
The nature of the symptoms depends on the type of parasites.The itching and burns in the anal region cause ancients.Askarides cause serious allergic reactions, as well as abdominal cramps.Lambia, echinococci and bicondum affect the liver.They are often the cause of the obstruction of bile leaflets and cholestasis (stagnation of bile), inflammation of the gallbladder.Light excrement with drops of fat are one of the main signs of liver and pancreas pathology.The symptom of the parasitic effect on the liver and gallbladder is pain in the right hyposondrium.
If several of the listed symptoms appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital in order to identify the parasites of the body in time.It is necessary to pass regular preventive tests for parasites for children, people who live or work with animals.If a meat, a labby or raw, jerky and slightly salty fish is regularly consumed for food, the risk of infection is very high.In this case, it is also necessary to be regularly verified to identify the parasites.
Detailed coprogram
A histological coprogram is a microscopic study of excrement to detect eggs, larvae or traces of vital activity of adults of parasites.A detailed analysis of the excrement is a universal method to detect intestinal helminthes (Pinworms, Ascaris, Ankylost, Plum -Head).
How to take a fecal analysis.You must buy a special sterile container in a pharmacy.It is filled with faeces of a third of the volume.Before defecation, it is necessary to urinate so that the urine does not fall into the sample.The cover of the filled container is closely twisted.
The biomaterial can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 8 hours, after this time, it is no longer suitable for research.A week before the analysis, you should stop taking medication, exclude fried and fatty dishes.On the eve of the equipment fence, you cannot put rectal candles, drink a laxative or wash yourself.
The main drawback of the coprogram is a low efficiency (approximately 35%).Helminants do not lay eggs every day.Consequently, the analysis of the excrement for parasites must be taken three times with an interval of 3 to 5 days.Disordered results can generally be obtained 4 to 6 days after delivery.
Scrape
A scraper or a smear from the anus area is only taken for the diagnosis of enterobiosis (pinworms).The smear is taken in two ways:
- using a special spatula or cotton;
- Using a sticky band.
A spatula can be purchased in a pharmacy.The smear is removed around the anus and the crotch.The procedure can be carried out at home or in a clinic.The fence of the material is made in the morning, before not being able to wash or shower.If the scratch has been made at home, the spatula must be placed in a container or a sealed bag, and the same day delivered to the laboratory.The result of the analysis can be obtained tomorrow.To establish a precise diagnosis, the analysis of the parasites must be submitted several times in a row.
Blood tests
You can give blood on parasites.It is a universal object of laboratory research.By modifying its composition, we can judge the pathologies of the body.How to identify parasites, examine blood, what tests are given?An immunosorbent analysis is carried out for antibodies and antigens, a reaction of indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence.In a general blood test, in the presence of a parasitic infection in the body, the level of eosinophiles is increased.
Elisa
Immunoformal analysis (ELISA) allows you to determine the presence and concentration of immunoglobulin (antibodies) in the blood, which are produced in response to the invasion of foreign agents (antigens).IFA analysis is a very sensitive method that allows you to identify antigens even in small quantities.With its help, you can precisely determine the type of parasites, the number of colonies, as well as the development stage of the process.
Elisa for parasites in the human body is deciphered according to five classes of antibodies.To diagnose the Helminthic invasion, there are enough immunoglobulins of only three classes:
- Immunoglobulin M (IGM).They are produced 4 days after the infection, present in the blood for 6 weeks.The presence of IGM indicates the intensive reproduction of foreign agents.
- Immunoglobulins G (IGG).They enter the blood circulation 20-28 days after infection, can be present in plasma for several months or years.The presence of IGG indicates an infection.
- Immunoglobulin A (IGA).They were produced two weeks after the penetration of pathogenic organisms, disappear after 5 to 8 weeks.The presence of IGA indicates an infection or that the body is cleaned.
A blood sample for Elisa spent the morning on an empty stomach.
RNA
The reaction of indirect hemagglutination is the most specific and sensitive of all serological methods.The reaction of red blood cells to the action of a variety of antigens is being studied.Evaluate the nature and intensity of the precipitation of red blood cells.With a high and strongly intense reaction, the bottom of the tube is covered with glued red blood cells.The results of the analysis are deciphered by the attending physician.
Strap
An indirect reaction of immunofluorescence allows you to identify an antigen-antibodulation complex.For this, a blood sample is treated with a special serum against immunoglobulins, which contains fluorochrome in the composition.After that, the sample is studied under a fluorescent microscope.
The results are evaluated by the intensity of the yellow-green glow.The high titles indicate the presence of a Helminthic invasion.The attending physician is engaged in the decoding of the results of the analysis.
RSK
An antibody with the corresponding antigen is formed by an immune complex which can contact a supplement system.This is based on the RSK method (a supplement liaison reaction).If the antigen-anticorps complex is not formed, the supplement remains free.
RSK is used to diagnose the acute phase of parasitic diseases.
Diagnosis by PCR
The polymerase chain reaction is a modern and high -provisional research method.With its help, you can diagnose the presence of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, as well as intracellular parasites in the body.For analysis, blood and other organic fluids are suitable.
The result of the chain reaction by polymerase is the decrypted DNA of the parasite.You can precisely determine the type of pathogenic organism.The disadvantage of the PCR is that it is impossible to discover the number of parasites and the stage of development of the disease.
Conclusion
Analyzes for identifying parasites must be carried out to each person.Regular examinations will help avoid enormous health problems that cause these little creatures.What method of analysis is preferable to choose, say the doctor.